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Facts About Germany German History German Recipes |
April 9 in German History April 9, 1486 The Habsburg, Maximilian I is crowned German king at Aachen. He would later become the Holy Roman emperor. April 9, 1598 Birth of Johannes Crüger in Gross-Breesen,
Germany. Crüger was a composer and music theorist. He
composed the music to Jesu, meine Freude, Nun danket alle
Gott, and Herzliebster Jesu, was hast du verbrochen. His
most important book of theory was Synopsis musica (1630).
From 1622 until his death he was the cantor at the Nikolai
church in Berlin. April 9, 1627 Birth of Johann Caspar von Kerll in Adorf, Germany. Kerll was a Baroque composer. He studied in Munich and then in Italy with Carissimi and Frescobaldi. He was the court opera conductor in Munich from 1656-1674 and organist of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna from 1677-1684. He composed masses, requiems and Magnificats. April 9, 1754 Death of Christian Freiherr von Wolff in Halle, Germany. Wolff was a philosopher and mathematician of the Enlightenment. He studied with Leibniz and on his recommendation was appointed to a position at the University of Halle in 1707. His work and thought center around the idea that all things must have adequate (understandable) reason for occurrence. April 9, 1794 Birth of Theobald Boehm in Munich, Germany. Boehm was a concert flutist and instrument maker who developed the Boehm system of construction for the flute, clarinet and oboe. The system was further developed by the French instrument maker, Auguste Buffet. April 9, 1859 Birth of Julius Hart in Münster, Germany. He and his brother, Heinrich were key figures among Berlin literary leaders introducing Naturalism into German literature. The edited Kritische Waffengänge, Berliner Monatshefte, Kritisches Jahrbuch and Die Freie Bühne. April 9, 1865 Birth of Erich Ludendorff in Kruszewnia, Germany (now in Poland). Ludendorff entered the military and by 1908 was serving on the army general staff under General Helmuth von Moltke. Ludendorff was a key figure in revising the Schlieffen Plan (a contingency plan for war with France). When World War I started in 1914 he became the quartermaster of the 2nd Army in the west. When the 8th Army in East Prussia was threatened with defeat by Russia, Ludendorff was appointed chief of staff of that army under General Paul von Hindenburg. The Russians were decisively defeated at the battle of Tannenberg in August of 1914. In 1916 Hindenburg and Ludendorff were given supreme military control of all forces. It was on Ludendorff's authority that in 1917 Germany undertook unrestricted submarine warfare against the British. (This was one of the factors which brought the United States into the war.) In the fall of 1918 in the face of immanent defeat Ludendorff resigned. Convinced that he could have won the war had he not been undermined and betrayed, Ludendorff fed the sense of an undeserved loss in the war, a suspicion which the Nazi Party perpetuated. In 1923 Ludendorff participated in Hitler's attempted Putsch in Munich. From 1924 to 1928 he was a Nazi member of the Reichstag. In 1935 he published a book, Der totale Krieg. April 9, 1865 Birth of Charles Proteus Steinmetz (original name Karl August Rudolf Steinmetz) in Breslau, Germany (now in Poland). Steinmetz was an electrical engineer who was educated at the University of Breslau. In 1889 he immigrated to the United States. At age 27 he developed the "law of hysteresis loss", a major step forward in electrical design. His other great contribution to the development of the use of electricity was in the area of calculations in alternating current. His work on this subject is presented in his book, Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current Phenomena (1897). He was president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers from 1901-02. April 9, 1870 Friedrich Nietzsche promoted to "ordinarius" at University of Basel April 9, 1870 Die Deutsche Bank opens its first bank in Berlin. April 9, 1886 Death of Joseph Victor von Scheffel in Karlsruhe, Germany. Scheffel was a novelist and poet. His poet "Der Trompeter von Säckingen" (1854) was widely popular as was his novel Ekkehard (1855). He is also known for his 1868 publication Gaudeamus! a collection of student drinking songs. April 9, 1945 Execution of Dietrich Bonhoeffer in the Flossenburg concentration camp. Bonhoeffer was a Protestant theologian strongly supportive of ecumenism. Bonhoeffer studied at the universities of Tübingen and Berlin. In his development he was strongly influenced by the writings of Karl Barth. In 1931 he was appointed lecturer in systematic theology at the University of Berlin. From the beginning Bonhoeffer was opposed to the Nazi party and actively resisted. Bonhoeffer was arrested on April 5, 1943 for his activities in resistance. In 1944 when the attempt was made to assassinate Hitler, the following investigation showed direct links between Bonhoeffer and the conspiracy. He was executed on April 9, 1945 in Flossenburg Prison. Noted works by Bonhoeffer were published posthumously, Ethik (1949), Widerstand und Ergebung (1951) April 9, 1945 Execution of Wilhelm Canaris in the Flossenburg concentration camp. Canaris was appointed to head the Abwehr (military intelligence) in 1935. He oversaw German military aid to Spain's general Franco during the Spanish Civil War. By 1944 he was opposed to Hitler and participated in the attempted assassination of Hitler. He was arrested, sent to the Flossenburg concentration camp and executed there. Back to Today in German History Calendar |
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