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Facts About Germany German History German Recipes |
February
19 in German History February 19, 1199 A bull of Pope Innocent III assigns the uniform of the white tunic with a black cross to the Teutonic Knights. The uniform was worn by them during the crusades, in their later Crusades against pagans in Eastern Europe, through their governance of Prussia and continues to be their emblem in present time. February 19, 1552 Birth of Melchior Klesl in Vienna, Austria.
A Protestant in early life, Klesl converted to Roman
Catholicism through the influence of the Jesuits. He became a
priest and rose in the church to the office of Bishop of
Vienna and finally cardinal. He was close to the Holy Roman
Emperor and for a time was in essential control of the
Empire. He worked for religious tolerance which offended many
of the Catholic princes. He was arrested and imprisoned in
1618. It was not until 1627 that he was able to be released
and return as a bishop. December 19, 1788 Issue of the Edict of Censorship in Prussia. In Prussia the Edict Concerning Religion had been issued in July of that year. The origin of the edict lay with the Rosicrucians and most specifically Johann Christoph Wöllner who had wide ranging influence with the King of Prussia. The edict demanded strict orthodoxy of all preachers in Prussia. It was followed by the Edict of Censorship in December, 1788. At one point, the philosopher Immanuel Kant was forbidden to publish or speak out on religious matters based on the edicts. February 19, 1804 Birth of Karl Freiherr von Rokitansky in Königgrätz, Austria. Rokitansky was a pathologist. Rokitansky's systematic analysis of disease, which he based on 100,000 autopsies, set the science of pathology on a firm footing and established the New Vienna Medical School as a world leader. He discovered Rokitansky's disease (liver), differentiated between lobular pneumonia and lobar pneumonia, set the micropathology of pulmonary emphysema, and was the first to describe spondylolisthesis. His outstanding work is Handbuch der pathologischen Anatomie. February 19, 1821 Birth of August Schleicher in Meiningen, Germany. Schleicher was a professor of linguistics at the University of Jena who did extensive work in the scientific theory of language. In his Compendium der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen (1862) he attempted to reconstruct the Indo-European language. In his theories he combined Hegelian and Darwinian principles. February 19, 1837 Georg Büchner dies in Zürich, Switzerland (born in Goddelau, Germany.) In his short life (birth in 1813) and relatively small number of works, Büchner achieved a central position in the history of German literature. His radical political pamphlet, Der hessische Landbote (1934), produced while still a student, necessitated his flight from Germany. His drama, Dantons Tod (1835), and his comedy, Leonce und Lena (1836) are filled with a unique social criticism. His fragment, Woyzeck (1836), likewise rich in social criticism, became the text of the opera by Alban Berg, Wozzeck (1925) and a film by Werner Herzog (1978). February 19, 1856 Birth of Rudolf Stammler in Alsfeld, Germany. Stammler was a legal philosopher who taught at the universities of Marburg, Giessen, Halle and Berlin. One of his great contributions was to establish the idea that the law goes beyond simply regulation and, in fact, demands the fulfillment of justice. His most significant work is Die Lehre von dem richtigen Rechte (1902). February 19, 1877 Birth of Gabriele Münter in Berlin, Germany. She was a painter connected with the artist group, "Der Blaue Reiter". She studied with and became a close friend of Wassily Kandinsky. February 19, 1902 Death of Albert Bierstadt in Düsseldorf, Germany. Bierstadt immigrated to the U.S.A. and became a very popular painter with grandiose scenes of the American West. He was a part of the "Hudson River school". February 19, 1912 Leopold Graf von Berchtold assumes the position of foreign minister of Austria-Hungary. It would be Berchtold who would present an ultimatum to Serbia which would lead directly to the beginning of World War I. Back to Today in German History Calendar |
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