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Facts About Germany German History German Recipes |
March 19 in German History March 19, 1745 Birth of Johann Peter Frank in Rodalben, Germany. Frank was a physician who pioneered in the science of public health. His vision is outlined in his System einer vollständigen medicinischen Policey (1779). March 19, 1849 Birth of Alfred von Tirpitz in Küstrin,
Germany. Von Tirpitz became an admiral and worked with Kaiser
Wilhelm II in attempting to build Germany's navy to a level
competitive with that of Britain. The first German Fleet Act
was introduced in 1898 and set the goal of building a
defensive navy. A second Fleet Act designed to allow the
German navy to rival Britain was passed in 1900. Britain did
not react until about 1905 when it began to develop its own
fleet. (Ironically it was an Austrian, Louis Alexander
Battenberg who took on the task of building the British navy
with Churchill. Battenberg changed his name to Mountbatten in
1917.) March 19, 1873 Birth of Max Reger in Brand, Germany. Reger ,an organist and composer, composed and played in Munich from 1901-1907. In 1907 he became a professor of composition in Leipzig. He became the conductor of the orchestra of Meiningen in 1911. Noted compositions by Reger are Böcklin Suite, Variations and Fuge on a Theme by Mozart, Phantasie und Fuge über B-A-C-H, and Wachet auf! ruft uns die Stimme. March 19, 1888 Birth of Josef Albers in Bottrop, Germany. Albers was a painter and poet. He taught at the Bauhaus beginning in 1923. There he developed new painting styles. The Nazis closed the Bauhaus in 1933 and Albers moved to the U.S.A. There he taught at Black Mountain College in North Carolina and at Yale University. He continued innovations in Color Field and Op art. March 19, 1905 Birth of Albert Speer in Mannheim, Germany. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect and the minister of armaments and war production from 1942-1945. He joined the Nazi Party in 1931. In his role as minister he organized and expanded the use of slave labor in war production. Speer was tried at the Nürnberg war crimes tries and pled guilty. He was imprisoned in Spandau Prison in Berlin until 1946. After his release from prison he wrote Erinnerungen (1969), Spandauer Tagebücher (1975) and Der Sklavenstaat (1981). He was in London at the time of his death in 1981. March 19, 1906 Birth of Adolf Eichmann in Solingen, Germany. Eichmann joined the Nazi Party in 1932. He became a member of the SS (Schutzstaffel) in 1932. During the Nazi years he was in charge of eliminating Jews in Vienna, Prague and Berlin. He was present at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin in 1942 when the "final solution" was concretized. He was to coordinate arrangements. At the end of the war Eichmann escaped Germany and lived in Argentina. He was discovered by Israeli secrete service in 1960. He was then secreted out of Argentina and taken to Israel, tried for crimes against humanity, found guilty and hanged on May 31, 1962 in Tel Aviv. March 19, 1912 Birth of Adolf Galland in Westerholt, Germany. Galland was a very skilled fighter pilot in World War II. He shot down over 100 Allied planes. He had been a Lufthansa pilot but joined the air force when the war started. He flew with the Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War, and was a commander during the Battle of Britain. He was shot down and captured in 1945. After the war he became a technical advisor to the Argentine air force and later returned to Germany as an aviation consultant. March 19, 1928 Birth of Hans Küng in Sursee Switzerland. Küng studied at Gregorian University in Rome and the Catholic Institute at the Sorbonne. He became a Roman Catholic priest in 1954 and taught theology at the universities of Münster and Tübingen. As Küng thought and wrote he began to question certain basic Catholic doctrines and challenged them in his writings. In 1979 the Vatican censured him and banned him from teaching as a Catholic theologian. Books by Küng include, Rechtfertigung: Die Lehre Karl Barths und eine Katholische Besinnung (1957), Konzil und Wieder vereinigung (1960), Die Kirche (1967), Unfehlbar? (1970), Christ sein (1974), Existiert Gott?, (1978) and Ewiges Leben? (1982). Back to Today in German History Calendar |
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