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Facts About Germany German History German Recipes |
November
29
in German History November 29, 1378 Death of Karl IV (King Wenceslas) in Prague, Bohemia. Karl raised Bohemia to a central power and after his rise to the rank of German King, Bohemia controlled that position for centuries. Karl was the son of the powerful John of Luxemburg. In 1343 Karl's father gave him the regency of Bohemia. In 1343 through Karl's efforts Bohemia was raised to an archbishopric and Bohemia thus gained autonomy in the Church. At this same time efforts were underway to depose the German King, Ludwig IV, as the Pope had excommunicated him in 1324. By 1346 an election was arranged and Karl was elected German King. However, Ludwig did not recognize the election and continued to reign. Thus there were two German kings until Ludwig's death in 1347. In 1355 Karl also became the Holy Roman emperor. In 1348 he established the University of Prague, the first central European university. In 1356 he promulgated (with the consent of the German Diet) the Golden Bull which established firm guidelines for the election of the German king by seven electors (the archbishops of Mainz, Cologne and Trier and the electors of Bohemia, Brandenburg and Saxony.) November 29, 1780 Death of Maria Theresa in Vienna, Austria. Maria was the daughter of
the Holy Roman Emperor, Karl VI. Since Karl had no sons he sought to bring
his daughter to the rule of the Habsburg empire through a new regulation,
Die Pragmatische Sanktion, which changed the custom of excluding women
from the succession. Thus Maria became in 1740 the Archduchess (Erzherzogin)
of Austria and the Queen of Hungary and Bohemia. However since there were
forces who did not accept the succession, she was forced to fight for
her heritage in the War of Austrian Succession (Erbfolgekrieg) (1740-48).
She further had to contend with Prussia's claims on Silesia, the Seven
Years' War (1756-1763) and the War of Bavarian Succession (1778-1779).
She was married to Franz Stephan von Lothringen and the mother of 16 children,
of whom Josef II succeeded her. She was a deeply committed Catholic both
in her moral views and in her devotion to the Church. November 29, 1802 Birth of Wilhelm Hauff in Stuttgart, Germany. Hauff was a poet and novelist, but is probably remembered most for his fairy tales. November 29, 1803 Birth of Christian Doppler in Salzburg, Austria. Doppler was a physicist at the University of Vienna. His article, Über das farbige Licht der Dopelsterne (1842) contain the first recognition of what came to be known as the "Doppler effect", the variation in pitch of moving sound and in color of moving light sources. November 29, 1839 Birth of Ludwig Anzengruber in Vienna, Austria. Anzengruber was a writer of the Realist period. Works by Anzengruber include, Der Meineidbauer (1872), Die Kreuzelschreiber (1872), Doppelselbstmord (1876) and Der Sternsteinhof (1884). November 29, 1884 Death of Franz Joseph Rudigier (1811 – 1884) Franz Joseph Rudigier was born on April 7, 1811 in Partenen, Austria. He became Archbishop of Linz in 1852. During the period after the laws of 1868 he resisted and was even imprisoned. (The laws of 1868 were nationalist laws corresponding to the “Kulturkampf” in Prussia and attempted to restrict the influence and activity of the Catholic Church in Austria. ) The process of beatification was initiated in 1909. November 29, 1899 Death of Alfred Brandt in Brig, Switzerland. Brandt was a lead engineer in the building of the Simplon Tunnel. It is the longest tunnel in Switzerland and for many years was the longest in the world. November 29, 1939 Death of Philipp Scheidemann in Copenhagen, Denmark (He had been born in Germany but left in 1933.) Without party or government authorization he created the Weimar Republic de facto by announcing it from the Reichstag. He went on to become chancellor of the Weimar Republic. November 29, 1957 Death of Erich Wolfgang Korngold in Hollywood (born in Brünn, Austria). Korngold composed a ballet, Der Schneemann, at age 11. In his teens he wrote operas which gained international attention, Der Ring des Polykarates (1914) and Violanta (1916). He wrote Die Tote Stadt in 1920. Korngold immigrated to the United States in 1934 where he became a composer of music for films in Hollywood. He won academy awards for the music for Anthony Adverse (1936) and The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). During the Hollywood years he continued to write symphonies, concertos and other serious music. But his non-film music came to be appreciated only after his death.
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