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Hechos Sobre Alemania Historia Alemana Recetas Alemanas |
Consolidacion del nuevo estado El instrumento más importante empleado por las autoridades de East german para garantizar su regla absoluta era el servicio de seguridad del estado (Staatssicherheitsdienst, designado comúnmente el Stasi). Fundado en 1950 tempranos como el rama secreto del servicio del ministerio de la seguridad del estado (fuer Staatssicherheit -- MfS del ministerium), el Stasi vino ejercitar control casi completo sobre la población de la RDA. Durante los primeros cinco años de su existencia, a los instructores de soviet entrenó al personal de Stasi. Además de su vigilancia de la población alemana del este -- que fue realizada con minuciosidad siniestra para arriba hasta que los días finales de la RDA -- el Stasi condujo actividades extensas del espionaje en el oeste, particularmente en la RFA. Aparte de sus aproximadamente 100.000 empleados a tiempo completo, el Stasi podía también confiar en la ayuda de casi 2 millones de espías civiles, o los empleados informales supuestos ( Informelle Mitarbeiter --IM), que divulgó regularmente de los postes que escuchaban domésticos o del extranjero. Experts agree that before its dissolution in 1990, the Stasi had developed the most perfect spying system ever devised to watch over its own citizens. It had truly realized the idea of the "glass-citizen," whose every activity was known to and controlled by the state. In Stasi headquarters in East Berlin, detailed information on individual citizens was collected in huge archives, which survived, largely intact, the downfall of the East German state. An equally important role in building a permanent power base for the SED was played by mass organizations. One of the most important was the Free German Youth (Freie Deutsche Jugend--FDJ), founded in March 1946, in which young people between the ages of fourteen and twenty-five were to be indoctrinated as members of a new socialist society. Together with its suborganization for youngsters from six to fourteen years of age, the Young Pioneers--later called the Pioneer Organization "Ernst Thalmann," in memory of the chief of the KPD during the Weimar Republic, who was killed in a concentration camp--the FDJ soon became an effective instrument for influencing the coming generations. An important part of its influence was that membership in the FDJ soon determined access to institutions of higher learning, recreation and sports facilities, and ultimately career opportunities. Another important mass organization was the Free German Trade Union Federation (Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund--FDGB), which attempted to motivate the workforce to achieve production goals and also provided members with opportunities for inexpensive vacations at FDGB-owned seashore resorts. Similarly, the interests of women were served by the Democratic Women's Federation of Germany. By the end of 1947, all facets of society were organized in associations and groupings under the control of the SED. The GDR authorities also sought to deprive potential enemies within the state of the traditions and institutions upon which the state and society had been founded. A primary target for complete transformation was the court system. Judges and attorneys soon came to be used as mere instruments to carry out Marxist-Leninist goals. The legality of actions was determined by the political leadership. The SED also declared the traditional administrative division of East Germany into five Lander an obstacle to "efficient" governance. The five Lander, all grown out of long historical traditions, were abolished and fourteen administrative districts established. This measure gave the central government in East Berlin much greater control over the activities in these districts, which were now much smaller, and, equally important, allowed it to break with another aspect of Germany's despised bourgeois history. - La Era De Ulbricht, 1949-1971
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