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Senior Secondary Education
The variety of educational programs, tracks, and opportunities available
to students increases at the senior secondary level. The largest single
student group attends the senior level of the Gymnasium, the
Gymnasiale Oberstufe. This level includes the traditional academically
oriented Gymnasium, the vocational Gymnasium, the occupation-specific
Fachgymnasium, and the Gesamtschule.
Graduation from
these schools requires passing the Abitur, the qualifying examination
for studying at the university level. Until the late 1970s, nearly everyone
who passed the Abitur had access to an institution of higher
education. However, in the 1980s the numerus clausus, a restrictive
quota system that had been introduced for the study of medicine in the
late 1960s, began to be used for other popular fields of study. Strict
selection criteria limiting access to higher education had become necessary
because the demand for places at universities had become much greater
than the supply.
- Elementary
Education
- Junior Education
- Senior Education
- Vocational
Education
- Higher Education
- Geography (lands and
capitals, climate)
- Society (population, religion,
marriage, urbanization, social structure, immigration)
- Education (elementary,
junior, senior, vocational, higher)
- Economy (the Economic
Miracle, financial system, Bundesbank, business culture)
- Politics (government,
the Chancellor, the President, parties, Bundestag)
- Mass Media (newspapers,
radio and TV)
- Armed Forces (army,
navy, air forces, police)
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